Ukratko
Prezid je malo mjesto koje graniči sa Slovenijom. Sa svojim zaseocima Zbitkama, Kozjim Vrhom, Kranjcima, Lautarima, Bazlima, Tajčarima, Runcem i Milanovim Vrhom. Smjestio se na krajnjem sjeverozapadu Gorskog kotara i općine Čabar. Predjeli oko Prezida spadaju u visoko gorje s nadmorskom visinom od 760 – 1204 metara. Jugozapadno od Prezida uzdiže se planina Snežnik, slovenska ljepotica, s nadmorskom visinom od 1796 metara. Prezid se proširio po prostranoj planinskoj kotlini smještenoj na 765 metara nadmorske visine.
Područje oko Prezida tipično je krško, a to bi se moglo reći i za čitav šumoviti dio čabarske općine. Smatra se da je u davnini ispod Kozjeg Vrha bio izvor velike Notranjske rijeke koja je tekla u smjeru sjeverozapada po prezidanskoj kotlini, preko Babnog Polja prema Loškoj dolini. Zbog poroznog krškog terena sada je ostalo nekoliko nestalnih potočića koji poniru. Tako je i potok Trbuhovica presušio. Ranije je bujao iz spilje Trbuhovica i na svom putu okretao četiri mlina. Speleolozi Jamarske sekcije "željezničara" iz Ljubljane istraživali su 1972. godine ovo područje i ustanovili da oko Prezida postoji 8 jama, a Berišček je najdublja među njima (duboka 155 metara). Govoreći o prirodnim znamenitostima okolice Prezida, mora se spomenuti jela- "kraljica šuma" u Praprotnoj dragi. To je bila jela koja je rasla s dva vrha, a koja je privukla pažnju ljubitelja i istraživača pažnje svojim izuzetnim opsegom. Obujam njezinog debla na 130 cm od tla iznosi 545 cm, a promjer 170 cm. Volumen njenog debla do 4 m visine iznosi 8,4 m kubna. Zbog zuba vremena koji joj je jako naštetio morala je biti srušena ali njeno deblo se još može vidjeti u Praprotnoj dragi.
Povijest
Starih povijesnih izvora o prošlosti današnje općine Čabar ima malo. Ipak postoje predmeti i zapisi koji dozvoljavaju naslućivanje da su se određena zbivanja događala na ovom području čak već u vremenu prije nove ere. Najstarija takva nalazišta otkrivena su upravo u okolici Prezida. Impresivno je istraživanje jednog od ostataka starog Rimskog zida (limes) sjeverno od Prezida, u području zvanog Vražji vrtec, na visini od 904 metra nadmorske visine. Tamo su 1980. godine pronađeni mnogi ostatci razbijenih glinenih posuda za koje su slovenski znanstvenici 1981. godine ekspertizom ustvrdili da pripadaju vremenu između 900. i 500. godine prije Krista.
Pronađena je i relativno mala konjska potkova koju slovenski arheolozi svrstavaju u razdoblje 400. godine pr. Kr. i pripisuju je Rimljanima.
Rimski zid tzv. Limes (Claustra Alpium Iuliarum), koji se protezao od Trsatske gradine do Prezida, a možda i dalje do Nanosa u Sloveniji, kako povjesničar Hasquet navodi 1778. godine, vrlo je interesantan trag kome se sigurno pridaje i premalo pažnje jer govori da je već u najstarije vrijeme u ovom području boravio čovjek. Putopisac D. Hirc u svojoj knjizi “Gorski kotar” napisao je: “Pada naročito u oči u klancima, gudurama i ponikvama, a možda je tu i tamo imao vrata jer ima poviše Grobničkog polja u planini jedno mjesto koje i danas narod zove Željezna vrata. Jedni misle da je ovaj ogromni zid branio Liburne od ratobornih Japoda, drugi hoće da je dijelio Istočno rimsko carstvo od Zapadnog, dočim Hasquet tvrdi da su ga Rimljani podigli protiv Ilirima. Bilo kako mu drago mjesto prezid dobilo je ime od njega.”
Knezovi Zrinski i Frankopan organizirano su potaknuli život u ovim krajevima, a naročito nakon 1649. godine, kada su svi posjedi u Gorskom kotaru i Vinodolu pripali Petru Zrinskom. Godina 1671. donijela je tuđinsku vlast u Gorski kotar i druge krajeve naše domovine. Poslije smaknuća Petra Zrinskog i Frana Krste Frankopana 30. travnja 1671. godine njihove posjede prigrabili su austrijski dvor i mađarski feudalci s novim nametima i novim oblicima vlasti koje su Gorani osjetili kao novo teško doba. Različiti zapisi govore da je prva privatna škola u čabarskom kraju organizirana u Prezidu. Zaključkom biskupskog sinoda u Zagrebu 1669. godine, svećenici su bili dužni podučavati djecu ili izdržavati učitelja.
1807. godine utemeljena je župa u Prezidu. Do tada su u njemu službovali kapelani koji su potpadali pod čabarsku župu. Od 1809. do 1813. godine područje gorskog kotara pa tako i Prezid bili su u sastavu Ilirske provincije pod Napoleonovom vlašću. 1816. godine Gorski kotar se nalazi u Kraljevini Iliriji sa sjedištem u Trstu.
Hrvatsko i ugarsko plemstvo bunilo se protiv dijeljenja hrvatske zemlje pa je 1882. godine čabarsko područje ponovno pripalo Hrvatskoj. Sačuvana je crkvena knjiga “Status Animarum” Prezida (popis stanovnika župe Prezid). U tom dokumentu na latinskom jeziku, na pojedinoj stranici upisani su svi članovi jedne obitelji s datumom rođenja i stupnjem srodstva. Upisani su svi stanovnici rođeni do 1830. godine. Nalazimo prezimena: Kovač, Ožbolt, Pavlin, Šebalj, Žagar i dr.
U okviru zavičajne zbirke Prezid čuvaju se podaci koji govore da je tridesetih godina 19. stoljeća u Prezidu sagrađena prva pilana. Vlasnik je bio Antun Velosta iz Lubljane. Pilanu je kasnije kupila porodica Vilhar – Aleksandar Vilhar i njegov sin Ščitomir Vilhar(12.02.1840 - 10.06.1904.). Parna pilana u prezidu iz 1847/48. godine prva je u Gorskom kotaru i među prvima u Hrvatskoj. Pilana u Prezidu s obzirom na trgovinu, bila je na dosta dobrom mjestu, a interes za njene proizvode porastao je izgradnjom željezničke pruge Ljubljana – Trst 1857. godine.
Prezid nema naglašene prirodne granice prema Sloveniji. Postoje dokazi u starim župnim matičnim knjigama da se Prezid u 18. stoljeću nazivao Babino Polje (Altenbabenfeld), a današnje Babno Polje zvalo se Loško Polje (Campo Laasensis ili Neubabenfeld). Vrlo je vjerojatno da je područje Prezida bilo već dosta naseljeno u 15. stoljeću, jer susjedno Babno Polje, govori o naseljenosti svog područja već u 1403. godini. Prvobitno Babno Polje su spalili Turci 1528. godine.
Za Prezid je od izuzetne važnosti i njegovo dobrovoljno vatrogasno društvo kojeg su 21. svibnja 1886. godine osnovali: Ščitomir Vilhar (predsjednik), Ferdo Varlaj, Anton Švigel, Rade Vlašić, Josip Klepac. Prezidanski svećenik Franjo Poš je bio član Okrajnega (općinskoga) odbora Osvobodilne fronte za Prezid, tijekom listopada 1941. godine.[1]
Obrazovanje
U zavičajnoj zbirci Prezid postoje podaci koji govore da je župnik Pavao Koliman, rodom iz Selca u Primorju, prvi uveo u prezidu župničku školu, 1777. godine. Pohađalo ju je do 10 učenika, a obuka se vršila samo u toku zimskih mjeseci. Školu je od 1874. – 1922. godine uzdržavala općina Prezid iz prihoda općinske potrošarine na piće i meso.
Zapisi govore da je prva privatna škola u Gorskom kotaru organizirana u Prezidu u 18. stoljeću. Obuka se vršila u početku u privatnim kućama, u lošim i skromnim uvjetima, i nastavu je vršio mjesni župnik.
Godine 1858. Prezidanski župnik Antun Žagar sagradio je kuću na potoku za školu.
Prezid s okolicom je tada imao oko 1600 stanovnika. Na mjestu današnje ambulante 1879. godine otkupljena je zgrada tzv. mitnica koja je služila za održavanje redovite školske nastave sve do izgradnje nove škole 1968. godine. Godine 1977. srušena je stara škola koja više nije odoljela vremenu i na njenom mjestu postavljen je kamen temeljac za novu ambulantu.
Sadašnja škola nalazi se bliže centu mjesta, zapadno od Crkve svetog Vida. Prvotno ime joj je bilo OŠ Ivan Janeš, po dječaku kojega su strijeljali Nijemci tijekom II. svjetskoga rata, a 90-ih je godina promijenila ime u OŠ Petar Zrinski, koje ime nosi do danas.
Kultura
Dobrovoljno Vatrogasno Društvo Prezid osnovano je na osnivačkoj skupštini 21 svibnja 1886. godine, u privatnoj kući Antuna Žagara gdje su sastavljena i pravila društva. Pravila su potvrđena 4. rujna 1886. godine od Kraljevsko-Slavonsko-Dalmatinsko-zemaljske vlade, odjel za unutarnje poslove u Zagrebu Društvo je na samom početku svojim organizatorskim sposobnostima učvrstio općinski bilježnik Mirko Hipšer. Istovremeno nabavlja se oprema, prvo mala dvokolna štrcaljka, nakon toga četverokolna, a 1895. godine nabavljena je velika četverokolna štrcaljka i niz druge prateće opreme. Spomenutu opremu Dobrovoljno vatrogasno društvo čuva kao trajnu dragocjenu muzejsku vrijednost.
Nabavlja se oprema, gradi novi vatrogasni dom 1934. godine. Slavko Mataić Organizira kulturne aktivnosti u Prezidu i osniva tamburice. Uz Vatrogasno društvo Prezid, za vrijeme njegovog života Prezidanci i vatrogasci odavali su mu veliko poštovanje. Na njegovu želju časno je pokopan na mjesnom groblju Prezid. Njegove zasluge su ogromne za sve mještane Prezida (knjiga sto godina dobrovoljnog vatrogasnog društva Prezid) Poslije drugog svjetskog rata dvd Prezid postupno se konsolidira, nabavlja se skromna oprema, članstvo se osposobljava vježbama i tečajevima. Organizira se 1966. 80' obljetnica. Tradicija obilježavanja se nastavlja 1976. – 90' obljetnica, 1986. – 100' obljetnica, 1996. – 110 obljetnica i 2006. – 120 obljetnica. Kroz sva ta razdoblja novijeg vremena događale su se raznolike aktivnosti i događaji, kojih ima jako puno, te svako zainteresiran može ih saznati u Prezidu.
Spomenici i znamenitosti
Stari Rimski zid Limes ,Spomenik ispred bivšeg Doma kulture, Vatrogasni dom, “Spomen zdenac” na Trgu kralja Tomislava, Zdenac na Obrhu, Česma na Partizanskom putu, Spomenik palim borcima ispred zavičajne zbirka, “Križni put”- duhovna staza , Bista Ščitomira Vilhara, rad umjetnika Kovač Damjana
Sakralni objekti
Crkva Sv. Vida u Prezidu, Crkvica Marije od 7 žalosti na Kozjem Vrhu,, Crkvica Sv. Ivana i Pavla u Kranjcima , Crkvica Sv. Križa na groblju u Prezidu, Kapelica Sv. Jakova
Kultura
Kuća Vesel, Zavičajna zbirka, Rekreativna staza Trbuhovica, Atelijer umjetnika Damjan Kovač, mag. art
Briefly
Prezid is a small place bordering Slovenia. With its hamlets Zbitke, Kozji Vrh, Kranjci, Lautari, Bazli, Tajčari, Runec and Milanov Vrh. It is located in the extreme northwest of Gorski kotar and the municipality of Čabar. The areas around Prezid belong to the high mountains with an altitude of 760 - 1204 meters. Southwest of Prezid rises the mountain Snežnik, a Slovenian beauty, with an altitude of 1796 meters. Prezid spread across a vast mountain valley located at 765 meters above sea level.
The area around Prezid is typically karst, and the same could be said for the entire forested part of the Čabar municipality. It is believed that in ancient times, below Kozji Vrh, it was the source of the great Notranjska River, which flowed in a northwesterly direction along the presidential valley, across Babno Polje towards the Loka Valley. Due to the porous karst terrain, there are now several erratic streams that are sinking. That is how the Trbuhovica stream dried up. Earlier, it flourished from the Trbuhovica cave and turned four mills on its way. Speleologists of the Cave Section of the "Railwaymen" from Ljubljana explored this area in 1972 and found that there are 8 pits around Prezid, and Berišček is the deepest among them (155 meters deep). Speaking of the natural sights of the Prezid area, we must mention the dishes- "queen of the forest" in Praprotna draga. It was a dish that grew from two tops, and which attracted the attention of lovers and researchers of attention with its exceptional range. The circumference of its trunk at 130 cm from the ground is 545 cm and its diameter is 170 cm. The volume of its trunk up to 4 m in height is 8.4 cubic meters. Due to the tooth of time that severely damaged her, it had to be torn down, but its trunk can still be seen in Praprotna draga.
History
There are few old historical sources about the past of today's municipality of Čabar. However, there are objects and records that allow us to guess that certain events took place in this area even in the time before the new era. The oldest such sites were discovered in the vicinity of Prezid. It is impressive to explore one of the remains of the ancient Roman wall (limes) north of Prezid, in an area called Devil's Kindergarten, at an altitude of 904 meters above sea level. There, in 1980, many remains of broken clay vessels were found, which Slovenian scientists in 1981 expertly confirmed belonged to the period between 900 and 500 BC. A relatively small horseshoe was also found, which Slovenian archaeologists classify as dating back to 400 BC. Kr. and attribute it to the Romans. The Roman wall, the so-called Limes (Claustra Alpium Iuliarum), which stretched from Trsat Castle to Prezid, and perhaps further to Nanos in Slovenia, as the historian Hasquet states in 1778, is a very interesting trace to which it is certainly given too little attention because it says that it is already in the oldest time in this area resided man. The travel writer D. Hirc wrote in his book "Gorski kotar": . Some think that this huge wall defended the Liburnians from the warlike Japods, others want to divide the Eastern Roman Empire from the Western, while Hasquet claims that the Romans built it against the Illyrians. However dear his place, the presidency got its name from him. "
Princes Zrinski and Frankopan organized life in this area, especially after 1649, when all the estates in Gorski kotar and Vinodol belonged to Petar Zrinski. The year 1671 brought foreign rule to Gorski kotar and other parts of our homeland. After the executions of Petar Zrinski and Fran Krsto Frankopan on April 30, 1671, their estates were seized by the Austrian court and Hungarian feudal lords with new levies and new forms of government that the Gorani perceived as a new difficult time. Various records say that the first private school in the Čabar area was organized in Prezid. By the conclusion of the Synod of Bishops in Zagreb in 1669, priests were obliged to teach children or support teachers. In 1807 the parish in Prezid was founded. Until then, chaplains who belonged to the parish of Čabar served in it. From 1809 to 1813, the area of Gorski Kotar and thus the Prezid were part of the Illyrian province under Napoleon's rule. In 1816, Gorski kotar was located in the Kingdom of Illyria with its seat in Trieste. The Croatian and Hungarian nobility protested against the division of Croatian land, so in 1882 the Čabar area again belonged to Croatia. The church book "Status Animarum" Prezid (census of the inhabitants of the parish of Prezid) has been preserved. In this document in Latin, all members of one family with date of birth and degree of kinship are entered on a single page. All residents born before 1830 are enrolled. We find surnames: Kovač, Ožbolt, Pavlin, Šebalj, Žagar and others.
Within the local collection Prezid, data are kept that say that the first sawmill was built in Prezid in the 1930s. The owner was Antun Velosta from Ljubljana. The sawmill was later bought by the Vilhar family - Aleksandar Vilhar and his son Ščitomir Vilhar (February 12, 1840 - June 10, 1904). Steam sawmill in the presid from 1847/48. was the first in Gorski kotar and among the first in Croatia. The sawmill in Prezid, in terms of trade, was in a very good place, and interest in its products increased with the construction of the Ljubljana - Trieste railway in 1857. Prezid has no pronounced natural border with Slovenia. There is evidence in the old parish registers that the Prezid in the 18th century was called Babino Polje (Altenbabenfeld), and today's Babno Polje was called Loško Polje (Campo Laasensis or Neubabenfeld). It is very probable that the area of Prezid was already quite inhabited in the 15th century, because the neighboring Babno Polje speaks of the population of its area as early as 1403. Originally, Babno Polje was burned by the Turks in 1528. His voluntary fire brigade, which was founded on May 21, 1886 by: Ščitomir Vilhar (president), Ferdo Varlaj, Anton Švigel, Rade Vlašić, Josip Klepac, is also extremely important for Prezid. The Presiding priest Franjo Poš was a member of the District (Municipal) Committee of the Liberation Front for the Prezid during October 1941. [1]
Education
In the local collection Prezid there is information that the parish priest Pavao Koliman, a native of Selce in Primorje, was the first to introduce a parish school in the presidium in 1777. It was attended by up to 10 students, and the training was conducted only during the winter months. From 1874 to 1922, the school was supported by the municipality of Prezid from the income from the municipal consumption of drinks and meat. Records say that the first private school in Gorski Kotar was organized in Prezid in the 18th century. The training was initially conducted in private homes, in poor and modest conditions, and classes were conducted by the local pastor. In 1858, the parish priest of Prezidan, Antun Žagar, built a house on the stream for the school. Prezid and its surroundings then had about 1600 inhabitants. On the site of today's ambulance in 1879, the building of the so-called a toll booth that served to hold regular school classes until the construction of a new school in 1968. In 1977, the old school, which no longer withstood the test of time, was demolished and a cornerstone was laid in its place for the new clinic. The current school is located closer to the center of the town, west of the Church of St. Vitus. Her original name was Ivan Janeš Elementary School, after a boy who was shot by the Germans during World War II. World War II, and in the 90's it changed its name to Petar Zrinski Elementary School, which bears its name to this day.
Culture
The Voluntary Fire Brigade Prezid was founded at the founding assembly on May 21, 1886, in the private house of Antun Žagar, where the rules of the society were drawn up. The rules were confirmed on September 4, 1886 by the Royal-Slavonian-Dalmatian-Provincial Government, and the Department of Internal Affairs in Zagreb was initially strengthened by the municipal notary Mirko Hipšer. At the same time, equipment was procured, first a small two-wheeled syringe, then a four-wheeled one, and in 1895 a large four-wheeled syringe and other accompanying equipment were procured. The Voluntary Fire Brigade keeps the mentioned equipment as a permanent valuable museum value.
Equipment is being procured, a new fire station is being built in 1934. Slavko Mataić Organizes cultural activities in Prezid and founds tambourines. Along with the Prezid Fire Brigade, during his lifetime, the Presidents and firefighters paid him great respect. At his request, he was honorably buried in the local cemetery Prezid. His merits are enormous for all the inhabitants of Prezid (book of one hundred years of the voluntary fire brigade Prezid) After the Second World War dvd Prezid is gradually consolidated, modest equipment is purchased, membership is trained through exercises and courses. It is organized in 1966. 80 'anniversary. The tradition of commemoration continues in 1976 - 90th anniversary, 1986 - 100th anniversary, 1996 - 110th anniversary and 2006 - 120th anniversary. During all these recent periods, various activities and events have taken place, of which there are many, and anyone interested can find them out in the Presidium.
Monuments and landmarks
Old Roman Wall Limes
Monument in front of the former House of Culture
Fire station
"Memorial Well" on King Tomislav Square
Well on Obrh
Fountain on Partizanski put
Monument to fallen soldiers in front of the native collection
The Way of the Cross is a spiritual path
Bust of Ščitomir Vilhar, work by artist Kovač Damjan
Sacral objects
Church of St. Vida in Prezid
Church of Mary of 7 mourning on Kozji Vrh,
Church of St. John and Paul in Kranjci
Church of St. Cross at the cemetery in Prezid
Chapel of St. Jacob
Culture
House Vesel, Native collection, Recreational trail Trbuhovica. Atelier of artists Damjan Kovač, mag. art
