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Kaštel u Humu
Srednjovjekovni Hum slovi kao najmanji grad na svijetu, a spominje ga se već 1102. godine u darovnici markgrofa Ulricha II.
Dobrodošlicu u ovaj srednjovjekovni gradić na brežuljku iznad izvora rijeke Mirne svakome posjetitelju iskazuju glavna gradska vrata svojim natpisom: “tom malom gradiću u pohode dođi, na kamenu tvrdu toplina vri”. Prolaz kroz dvostruka ulazna vrata s početka 12. stoljeća, a ova sačuvana su iz 1562. godine, vodi nas do trga najmanjeg grada na svijetu, Huma. Na iznimno malom prostoru nalaze se svi sadržaji grada: gradska loža, kuće za vlastelu i obične mještane te župna crkva s rezidencijom za župnika. Castelum Cholm prvi se put spominje već 1102. godine u darovnici kojom istarski markgrof Ulrich II. daje u feud Hum (i još niz drugih posjeda) akvilejskom patrijarhu.
Kaštel se nalazio na mjestu današnje crkve Uznesenja Blažene Djevice Marije (podignute 1802. godine), na najvišoj uzvisini u gradu s koje je bilo moguće kontrolirati okolinu. Pravokutna oblika, 30 x 35 metara (tipičnih dimenzija za ono doba), povezan je dvjema ulicama s dvojim gradskim vratima, što je omogućavalo bolju komunikaciju i zaštitu. Ulaz u kaštel bio je iznutra, iz grada, a iako je osnovna namjena kaštela bila obrambena, u ranijem je razdoblju, u njemu bilo i sjedište feudalaca akvilejskih patrijarha kojima je pripadao.
Od prapovijesnih početaka pa sve do propasti Mlečana 1797. godine Hum je bio obrambeni grad na granici, pun dinamike, života, sukoba, raznih vladara, rata i mira. Od antike do kasnoga srednjeg vijeka služio je kao kaštel-branič nečijeg posjeda. Često razaran i obnavljan, 1412. godine dolazi pod vlast Venecije koja ga temeljito obnavlja radi obrane svoje granice. Konačni kraj doživio je najvjerojatnije u doba Uskočkog rata (1612.-1618.) kada je čitav grad spaljen, a kaštel više nije obnavljan. Njegovo se kamenje postupno raznosilo za gradnju kuća, a svaki mu se trag gubi nakon izgradnje crkve.
http://www.istria-culture.com/kastel-u-humu-i34
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The Castle in Hum
Medieval Hum is known as the smallest town in the world. It was first mentioned in 1102 in the deed of gift by Marquis Ulrich II.
Every visitor is welcomed to this medieval hilltop town above the spring of the Mirna river as it says on the main town gate inscription: 'come and visit this little town, the warmth radiates from its hard stone'. The passage through the early 12th century double entrance gates, and then this one from 1562 leads us into the square of the smallest town in the world, Hum. The exceptionally small area has all town features: the town loggia, nobility and folk houses, and the parish church with the priest residence. Castelum Cholm was first mentioned in 1102 in the deed of gift by the Istrian Marquis Ulrich II giving Hum (as well as a number of other estates) to the Patriarch of Aquileia as the feudal estate. The castle was located on the site of the current Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (erected in 1802) on the highest point of the town, which allowed its control of the surrounding area. Rectangular in shape, 30 x 35 meters (typical dimensions of the time) and connected by two streets with the twin town gates, which facilitated better communication and protection. The castle was entered from the inside, from the town. Despite its basic defensive purpose, in the earlier era it was a seat of its owners – the feudal lords under the Patriarch of Aquileia. Ever since the prehistoric times until the ruins of the Venetians in 1797, Hum was a defensive border town, full of life, conflicts, different rulers, war and peace. From the antiquity to the Late Middle Ages, it was used as a defensive castle of an estate. Often destroyed and renovated, it finally fell under the Venetian rule in 1412, which restored it completely to defend its own borders. Its most probable final fall occurred during the Uskok War (1612-1618), when the entire town was burned down and the castle was never renovated. Its stone was gradually being taken for building houses. Any trace of it was finally lost following the erection of the church.
 
Source: http://www.istria-culture.com/en/the-castle-in-hum-i34
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