CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a government sanctioned practice whereby a person is Executed by the state as a punishment for a crime.
Execution of criminals has been used by nearly all societies. Until the 19th century there was frequently no workable alternative to insure Deterrence of criminals. The execution itself often involving torture with cruel methods such as the Breaking wheel.
Historical records and primitive tribal practices Indicate that the death penalty was a part of their justice system. Communal punishment for wrongdoing Generally included Compensation by the criminal, corporal punishment, shunning, banishment and execution. Although compensation and shunning were sufficient Forms of justice. The response to crime committed by neighbouring tribes or communities included a formal apology, compensation or Blood feuds.
A blood feud occurs when arbitration between groups fails or Is non-existent. This was the Definitive form of justice before the emergence of an arbitration system based on state or organized religion. It probably resulted from crime, land Disputes or a code of honour. "Acts of retaliation underscore the ability of the social collective to defend itself and Demonstrate to enemies (as well as potential allies) that injury to property, rights, or the person will not go unpunished." However, in practice, it is often difficult to distinguish between a war of vendetta and one of conquest.
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