Fort Munide
Fort Munide (Fort Monte Munide) utvrdna je kula koja se smjestila na štinjanskom brdu Žunac. Izgrađena je 1852. za vrijeme Austrijskog Carstva, a glavni građevinski materijali koji su korišteni su beton i čelik. Ovo je jedna od najmanjih pulskih fortifikacija, a u javnosti nije previše poznata. Razlog je taj da se nalazi duboko u šumi, a ruta do tvrđave nije laka za svladati. Polovica utvrde je razrušena od 1944. kad je utvrda bombardirana. Utvrda je jako opasna jer je u vrlo lošem stanju i jer postoji opasnost da se zidovi sami od sebe sruše.
Izvor: https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Munida
Pulske fortifikacije
Fortifikacijski sustav Pule nastao je radi zaštite središnje ratne luke austro-ugarske ratne mornarice. Ovaj se jedinstveni sustav obrane započeo graditi već od prve polovice 19. stoljeća, a razvijan je kroz sljedećih stotinu godina. Obrambeni sustav zauzimao je, naravno, puno veću površinu od samog grada te je strateški razmješten unutar Obalnog sektora Pula (njem. Küstenabschnitt Pola), koji je obuhvaćao čitavu južnu Istru, odnosno područje Puljštine.
Sam obalni sektor bio je podijeljen u 16 obrambenih okruga (njem. Verteidigungsbezirk) koji su se od centra pulske luke spiralno udesno širili na ovom području. Okruzi su pratili obrambene fortifikacijske prstenove oko Pule koja je sa svojim zaljevom, pretvorenim početkom 20. stoljeća u prostranu luku, te izgrađenim snažnim sustavom modernih fortifikacija, tijekom 1. svjetskog rata postala utvrđeni grad, jedan od najbolje branjenih gradova Europe.
Obrambeni okrug II
Obrambeni okrug II sa sjeverozapada je graničio s Obrambenim okrugom I. Južna granica okruga spajala je rt Kumpar na Muzilu i otok Sv. Andrija, istočna granica spajala je otok sv. Andriju i skladište streljiva na području Vallelunge, a od te točke do uvale Salbuni (sjeverozapadno od Štinjana) prolazila je sjeverna granica. Zapadna granica bila je otvorena prema moru na kojem je dodirivala Obrambeni okrug VIII (otočje Brijuni). U ovom se okrugu nalazio ulaz u Pulsku luku (njem. Hafen von Pola) koji je sužen dugačkim lukobranom. Najvažnija fortifikacija na ovom području je ogromni Fort Punta Christo, dok su ostali važni objekti bili Fort Kaiser Franz (otok sv. Andrija), te Fort Munida i Fort Zonchi.
Izvor: https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulske_fortifikacije
Fort Munide
Fort Munide (Fort Monte Munide) is a fortified tower located on the Mount Žunac near Štinjan. It was built in 1852 during the Austrian Empire and the main building materials used were concrete and steel. This is one of the smallest fortifications in Pula, and it's not too familiar to the public. The reason is that it is deep in the woods, and the route to the fort is not easy to overcome. Half of the fort has been destroyed in 1944 when the fort was bombed. The fortress is very dangerous because it is in a very bad state and because there is a danger that the walls themselves will fall.
Source: https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Munida
Pula Fortifications
The Pula Fortress System was created to protect the central Austro-Hungarian navy port. This unique defense system began to build from the first half of the 19th century and has been developed over the next hundred years. The defense system, of course, was much larger than the town itself and was strategically located within the Coastal Sector of Pula (Küstenabschnitt Pola), which included the entire southern Istria, or the area of Puljština.
The coastal sector itself was divided into 16 defense districts (Verteidigungsbezirk), which stretched spirally from the center of the Pula harbor in the area. The districts followed the defense fortification rings around Pula, which with its bay, converted at the beginning of the 20th century into a spacious harbor and built with a powerful system of modern fortifications, became a fortified city, one of the best defended cities in Europe during the First World War.
Defense District II
The Defense District II was bounded from the northwest with the Defense District I. The southern border of the district merged with cape Kumpar at Muzil and the island of Sv. Andrija, the eastern border connected the island of St. Andrija and ammunition warehouse in the Vallelunga area, and from that point to the Salbuni bay (northwest of Štinjan), the northern border crossed. The western border was open to the sea where it approached the Defensive District VIII (Brijuni Islands). In this district there was an entrance to the Pula Harbor (Hafen von Pola), which was narrowed by a long breakwater. The most important fortification in this area is the huge Fort Punta Christo, while other important buildings were Fort Kaiser Franz (Sv. Andrija island), Fort Munide and Fort Zonchi.
Source: https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulske_fortifikacije
